Interview with Keith Desmond Howard

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Description

Object description

Australian officer served with 2/16th Australian Infantry Bn, 21st Australian Infantry Bde, 7th Australian Infantry Div in Egypt, Palestine and French Syria, 4/1941-6/1942; served with 2/43rd Bn Australian Infantry Bn, 24th Australian Infantry Bde, 9th Australian Infantry Div in Egypt, Australia and British Borneo, 7/1942-8/1945; served on secondment to 1st King's Dragoon Guards, Malaya Command in Federation of Malaya, 1957; served as observer with United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) in Middle East, 1967-1977

Content description

REEL 1 Background in Australia, 1920-1938: family life and childhood in Sydney and Perth; sporting activities; education; attitude to GB and British Empire; First World War commemorations; attitude to war; awareness of events in Europe during 1930s; effects of Depression; opinion of Adolf Hitler and Nazi regime in Germany. Recollections of period as private with 16th (Cameron Highlanders of Western Australia) Infantry Bn, Citizens Military Force in Western Australia, 1938-1940: volunteering for service with Citizen Military Forces, 1938; role of Citizen Military Forces REEL 2 Continues: reasons for joining Militia; enlistment procedure with 6th (Cameron Highlanders of Western Australia) Infantry Bn, 11/1938; uniform and equipment; purchasing own kilt; reason for joining Australian Scottish regiment; parades and social events; pith helmet; description of training; attitude to other armed services; opinion of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Munich Agreement, 9/1938; reaction to declaration of Second World War, 9/1939; civilian employment in bank. Aspects of period as officer with Australian Imperial Force in Australia, 1940: enlistment in Australian Imperial Force, 1940; terms of service; story of tattoo. REEL 3 Continues: preparations for overseas service; training at Northam Camp; opinion of instructors; attachment at reinforcement to 2/16th Bn Australian Infantry Bn; reaction of parents; question of security. Aspects of voyage aboard HMT Queen Mary from Fremantle, Australia to Port Tewfik, Egypt, 3/1941-4/1941: embarkation aboard HMT Queen Mary at Fremantle, 3/1941; description of ship and accommodation; messing arrangements; opinion of rations; later refitting of HMT Queen Mary in troopship configuration; daily routine and duties; role of officers and relations with Other Ranks; attitude to prospect of death. REEL 4 Continues: disembarkation at Port Tewfik, Egypt, 4/1941. Aspects of operations as officer with 2/16th Bn Australian Infantry Bn, 21st Australian Infantry Bde, 7th Australian Infantry Div in Palestine and French Syria, 4/1941-7/1942: opinion of Italian and German forces; initial impressions of desert terrain; posting to camp at Gaza, Palestine; role in operations against Vichy French forces in French Syria, 6/1941-7/1941; reaction to surrender in Greece and Crete, 4/1941-5/1941; excursions to historical sites; communication with family; censorship of mail. REEL 5 Continues: contents of soldiers' letters; morale; reaction to Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, United States of America, 7/12/1941; opinion of Japanese; duties as training officer; reaction to fall of Tobruk, Libya, 6/1942; relations with other nationalities within Commonwealth forces. Aspects of operations as officer with 2/43rd Australian Infantry Bn, 24th Australian Infantry Bde, 9th Australian Infantry Div in North Africa, 7/1942-1/1943: move to El Alamein Line, 7/1942; role in operations against Deutsches Afrika Korps forces; comments on action of 2/28th Australian Infantry Bn at Ruin Ridge, 7/1942. REEL 6 Continues: reformation of 2/28th Australian Infantry Bn; reconnaissance night patrols and raids against Deutsches Afrika Korps lines; capture of prisoners; terrain; location of minefields; navigation by North Star; story of night patrol; Deutsches Afrika Korps artillery shelling and German Air Force attacks; shelter in slit trenches; story of British officer; relations between officers and other ranks. REEL 7 Continues: opinion of rations; alcohol; competence of officers; climate; wearing of slouch hats; problem of sunburn; water ration; personal hygiene and shaving; opinion of General Bernard Montgomery; story of address by General Harold Alexander; preparations for Battle of El Alamein, Egypt; attitude to being in hospital during Battle of El Alamein, Egypt, 10/1942-11/1942; awareness of progress of war. Aspects of voyage from Egypt to Australia, 1/1943-2/1943: posting of 9th Australian Infantry Div back to Australia, 1/1943; nature of voyage aboard HMT Queen Mary; living conditions and accommodation; character of sermon by chaplain REEL 8 Continues: Aspects of period with 2/43rd Australian Infantry Bn, 24th Australian Infantry Bde, 9th Australian Infantry Div in Australia, 1/1943-6/1945: preparations for possible invasion by Japanese forcess; daily civilian life in Perth; location of American forces in Australia; social life; attitude of civilians; reaction to returning to Australia; question of secrecy; train journey to Queensland from South Australia; opinion of United States Army troops and General Douglas MacArthur. REEL 9 Continues: opinion of General Thomas Blamey; comments on role of Australian forces in Papua New Guinea and British Borneo; jungle training and exercises; promotion to captain and duties as training officer at Woodside Camp, South Australia; question of informality between officers and Other Ranks; opinion of Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Potts; comparison of Australian Imperial Force and New Zealand Army; background of trainees; story of being appointed battalion adjutant; memories of commanding officer Lieutenant-Colonel Noel Simpson; duties as adjutant. REEL 10 Continues: amusing story of Lieutenant-Colonel Noel Simpson's farewell dinner; attitude of other ranks to officers; posting to training camp at Morotai Island, Dutch East Indies; appointment as second-in-command of rifle company; preparations for embarkation; attitude to active service operations; duties as infantry commander; jungle training for operations in Borneo; reaction to end of Second World War in Europe, 8/5/1945. Aspects of operations as officer with 2/43rd Australian Infantry Bn, 24th Australian Infantry Bde, 9th Australian Infantry Div in British Borneo, 6/1945-8/1945: description of landings on Labuan Island, 17/6/1945; Japanese forces' opposition; capture of airfield; visit by General Douglas MacArthur. REEL 11 Continues: opinion of General Douglas MacArthur; summary of 9th Australian Infantry Div's operations against Japanese forces; story of capturing Imperial Japanese Army post and bayoneting soldiers; attitude to killing and question of remorse; description of attack on Imperial Japanese Army positions at Beaufort; memories of Tom Starcevich VC; location of company in defensive position; assuming command of company. REEL 12 Continues: role of company following end of Second World War, 8/1945; points system for demobilisation; attitude to continuing military service. Aspects of period as staff officer with 33rd Australian Infantry Bde in Dutch East Indies, 1945-1946: volunteering for staff appointment with 33rd Australian Infantry Bde, 9/1945; flight to Morotai Island and duties as staff captain; move to Ambon Island; story of massacre of Australian prisoners of war by Japanese forces on Ambon Island and excavation of graves; opinion of Japanese; surrender of Japanese forces; treatment of Japanese prisoners of war. REEL 13 Continues: accommodation in Dutch residency guarded by former Imperial Japanese Army sentries; opinion of Imperial Japanese Army batman; role in disarmament and repatriation of Japanese forces; attitude of local civilians; relations with Dutch administration; opinion of Australian occupation troops; reason for leaving Australian Imperial and returning to Perth, Australia, 1/1946. Aspects of period as civilian in Perth, Australia, 1946-1948: employment with father's business in Perth; attitude to civilian life. REEL 14 Continues: post-war role of Australian military forces; comments on Cold War and threat of Communism. Aspects of period as officer with Citizen Military Forces, Australian Army in Australian, 1948-1957: background to joining Citizen Military Forces as officer with 16th (Cameron Highlanders of West Australia) Infantry Bn, 1948; reasons for resuming military career; relations with American forces; attitude to colonial occupation and insurgent movement in Federation of Malaya; appointment as commander of 10th Light Horse Regiment, 4/1955. REEL 15 Continues: memories of commanding officer. Aspects of operations as officer on secondment with A Sqdn, 1st King's Dragoon Guards in Johore, Federation of Malaya, 1957: accommodation in Majidee Barracks, Johore Bahru; relations with other units; duties and operations against Malayan National Liberation Army insurgents; infantry patrols; night ambushes; attitude to Australian participation in Korean War and Malayan Emergency; question of use of nuclear weapons; story of writing report on use of armoured cars in jungle warfare and it's subsequent adoption as standard manual. Aspects of period as officer with Citizen Military Forces, Australian Army in Australia, 1959-1967: appointment as commanding officer of 10th Light Horse Regiment, 1959; appointment as instructor with Command Staff and Training Group in Western Australia; duties; appointment to 1st Royal Western Australia Regiment and pan-tropic role of regiment. REEL 16 Continues: duties as deputy commander; promotion and appointment as Commander Battle Group, 1st Royal Western Australia Regiment, 1964; perceived foreign threats to Australia. Recollections of period as military observer with United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) in Middle East, 1967-1977: situation in Middle East and role of United Nations; attitude to formation of Jewish State and Zionism; opinion of kibbutz system in Israel; nature of business affairs in Australia; re-organisation of Battle Group; background to being appointed as a United Nations military observer in Middle East, 1967. REEL 17 Continues: reason for reduction in rank to major; accommodation in Government House, Jerusalem; issue with United Nations car; role in events during Six Day War, 6/1967; story of Jordanian officer; Israeli attack on Government House; wounding by artillery fire; move of United Nations headquarters to hotel in Jerusalem; amusing story of United Nations car; move of United Nations headquarters into Jerusalem YMCA; story of United States Marine Corps officer; attitude towards Israelis. REEL 18 Continues: organisation of United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO); duties at United Nations observation posts; story of meeting with General Ariel Sharon; attitude of Israelis towards United Nations; story of meetings with Moshe Dayan and Shimon Peres; opinion of United Nations Resolution 242 and implementation; daily routine and duties. REEL 19 Continues: problem of Palestinian refugees; family home in Gaza; story of Arab boy Abdul; status of Palestinians and Israeli Arabs; opinion of Israeli occupation; attitude towards American support of Israel and Soviet support for Arabs; relations with Soviet monitors working with United Nations; number of nationalities in United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO); relations between American and Soviet monitors. REEL 20 Continues: problem of harassment by Egyptian forces; story of Bedouin sheik; relations between Israelis and Arab civilians; role as mediator and question of objectivity; story of mortar bomb hitting car; colour coding of observation posts; amusing story of Finnish officer; story of death of Swedish officer serving with United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO); casualties among United Nations personnel; posted to station in Tiberius, Israel, 1973. REEL 21 Continues: role in events during Arab-Israeli War, 10/1973; advance of Syrian tanks into Golan Heights; Egyptian advances and confrontation with Israelis; role of United Nations in ceasefire negotiations; duties with United Nations Emergency Force No 2; treatment of wounded; establishment of buffer zone; duties as deputy commander of United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) in Jerusalem, Israel; re-organisation of United Nations observation posts; question of African officers serving in United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO); borders following 1973 war; story of Ghanaian Major-General Emmanuel Erskine. REEL 22 Continues: conclusion of story; attitude to role with United Nations; recreational and cultural activities; story of bus journey to Baghdad, Republic of Iraq, 1970; relations with local civilians and question of neutrality; social life; archaeological digs and collection of artefacts. REEL 23 Continues: attitude to Yasser Arafat and Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO); question of retirement from Austraian Army; story of return to Australia, 1978; reflections on period of service with United Nations in Middle East; attitude to role of United Nations; opinion of invasion of Republic of Iraq, 2003; attitude to influence of America in Middle East. Aspects of periodas civilian in Australia, 1978-2003: further academic studies. REEL 24 Continues: awards and honours; writing on military matters; reflections on period of military service.

Object Details

Category: Sound
Related period: 1990 to the present day (production), 1945-1989 (content)
Creator: IWM (Production company)
Bannister, John (Recorder)
Howard, Keith Desmond (Interviewee/Speaker)
Production date: 2003-05-12
Dimensions: whole: Duration 700, Number Of Items 24
Catalogue number: 25055

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