Spittles, Reginald James (Oral history)

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British trooper served with 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 20th Light Armoured Bde, Southern Command and 20th Armoured Bde, 1st Armoured Div in GB, 4/1939-10/1940; trooper and NCO served with 20th Armoured Bde, 6th Armoured Div and Divisional Reconnaissance Regt, 11th Armoured Div in GB, 10/1940-6/1944; NCO served with 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div in Normandy, France, 6/1944-8/1944; served with 1st Royal Tank Regt, 22nd Armoured Bde, 7th Armoured Div in North West Europe, 8/1944-10/1944; hospitisation in Brussels, Belgium, 10/1944-12/1944; served as driver with Lines of Communication Troops, 21st Army Group in Belgium and Germany, 12/1944-12/1945

Content description

REEL 1 Background in Northampton, GB, 1918-1939: family; education. Aspects of period as trooper with 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 20th Light Armoured Bde, Southern Command and 20th Armoured Bde, 1st Armoured Div in GB, 4/1939-10/1940: enlistment in Territorial Army, 4/1939; familiarisation with weapons; initial duties guarding Royal Air Force airfields, 1939-1940; receiving recruits from yeomanry and infantry units; deployment of unit in Northampton area; composition of 20th Armoured Bde and formation of Z Sqdn, 4/1940; move to Newmarket area, 5/1940-6/1940; arrival of Guy Armoured Car; exercises summer 1940. Recollections of period as trooper and NCO with 20th Armoured Bde, 6th Armoured Div and Divisional Reconnaissance Regt, 11th Armoured Div in GB, 10/1940-5/1944: winter quarters in Boyer's House at Westbury; 1940-1941 reaction to William Joyce 'Lord Haw Haw' broadcast during move to Cambridge; German Air Force incendiary raid on Cambridge; destruction of earth roundabout at Cherry Hinton; plunder of crops from orchards of large houses; training in Thetford area, 1941; method of loading Valentine Tank onto mocked up tank transporting lorries. REEL 2 Continues: reaction to traveling on tank transporting lorry; extracting cat's eyes from Valentine Tank; winter quarters at Brandon, 1941-1942; prior recollection of problems with snow on Royal Air Force airfields winter 1939-1940; freezing of tank tracks at Brandon, winter 1941-1942; training at Lakenheath, 1941; contrast between American and British military attitude towards serviceman comfort; military use of Brandon Railway Station; relations with American personnel at Brandon, 1942; taking advantage of Americans' gullibility; method of fare dodging on train; fitness training at Brandon. REEL 3 Continues: promotion to lance corporal; discipline in former Territorial Army units; army system of unpaid ranks; story of receiving three day's confined to barracks at Shere and subsequent relations with Sergeant-Major Tom Gillingham; reasons why he as troop corporal never put a man on a charge. REEL 4 Continues: role of troop corporal in a tank; his method of punishing troopers by keeping them confined to camp; story of encounter with Sergeant-Major Tom Gillingham at Little Driffield. Recollections of operations as troop corporal with A Sqdn, 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div in Normandy, France, 6/1944-8/1944: story of refusal of promotion to sergeant and remaining troop corporal in Normandy; difference between German and British Army policies on counter-attacks in Normandy; precautions against snipers in Normandy; effects of German anti-tank hit on his tank during Operation Goodwood in Normandy, 19/7/1944; use of armoured battle groups; second wounding in Normandy, 20/7/1944; return to unit, 30/7/1944. REEL 5 Continues: classification of patients in field hospital in Normandy; reasons why he returned to unit and was not sent back to GB; reception on arrival back at unit, 30/7/1944. Recollections of period as trooper and NCO with with 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 20th Armoured Bde, 6th Armoured Div and Divisional Reconnaissance Regt, 11th Armoured Div in GB, 10/1940-5/1944: preparations for King George VI inspection of unit at Lakenheath, 12/9/1941; problems handling Valentine Tanks at Thetford; role of unit during publicity film; damage done to roads in Bury St Edmund's town centre; amusing story of unit member who attempted to vandalise tree; loss of sand shields during accident with gate. REEL 6 Continues: move to Ogbourne St George for winter quarters, 1942-1943; memories of Regimental Sergeant-Major Joseph 'Black Joe' Kenwood and his modification of rules about crossing barracks square and saluting; tradition of carrying ash sticks; examples of 'bull' within unit; obtaining nickname 'Prior Palmer's Circus'; condition of unit's guard; relaxed nature of unit. REEL 7 Continues: handling an awkward squad; method of maintaining discipline as troop corporal; experience of new subalterns; story of amusing initial encounter between Trooper Stoneman and Lieutenant Dalby; re-equipping with Crusader Mk VI Tank; method of driving Crusader Mk VI on roads including terrorising Women's Auxiliary Air Force personnel driving utility vehicles; encounter with Black American United States Army personnel at Swindon; effects of sense of seasickness in Churchill Tank; relations between British troops and Black and white United States Army personnel. REEL 8 Continues: relations between Black and white United States Army personnel; treatment of Black United States Army personnel by British Army troops; attitude towards Pioneer Corps; question of freedom from discipline in wartime; decision to reduce size of British armoured divisions; move to Little Driffield; opinion of psychological tests given to troops; contrast between Cromwell and Centaur Tanks. REEL 9 Continues: problems with rubber tracks on M3 Stuart 'Honey' Tank; use of Fylingdales Moor as tank firing range; description of 'grousers'; training exercises in North Yorkshire; mortar course he attended with infantry including mortar drill; holiday at Hunmanby Gap. Recollections of preparations for invasion of Normandy with 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div in GB, 5/1944-6/1944: move to holding area at Fareham; waterproofing Cromwell Tanks at Aldershot; use of sand table model of Juno Beach; question of his uniqueness in surviving unit actions in Normandy. REEL 10 Continues: intelligence on situation in Normandy, 6/1944; attitude to Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes (NAAFI) and its female staff; support from civilians in Gosport; embarkation at Gosport; question of securing of tanks in Landing Ship Tanks (LSTs); use of sick bags; his job in charge of church party at Aldershot; performance of Phyllis Dixie; encounter between Canadian soldier and Corps of Military Police at Aldershot, 6/1944; behaviour of Canadian Corps of Military Police at Aldershot; question of safety of female passengers on trains during Second World War; wife's visit to him in Aldershot. Recollections of operations as NCO with 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div on Juno Beach, Normandy, France, 13/6/1944: control of landing craft off beaches; German Air Force attack on beach; sound of naval gunfire; conversation with seaman about naval broadside firing; landing on Juno Beach; method of removing waterproof seals and salvaging sealings. REEL 11 Continues: prior recollection of King George VI visit at Rudston, GB; degree to which tank guns had been fired prior to landings in Normandy; reasons why tank tracks break on sand; prior recollection of experiences of beach landings in GB. Recollections of operations as NCO with A Sqdn, 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div in Normandy, France, 14/6/1944-24/6/1944: period of inactivity after landings; importance of chateau at Creuilly; accidents amongst comrades; practicing with Ordnance QF 17 Pounder Anti-Tank Gun on captured German Panther Tank; selection of weak point in tank's structure; reasons why only two thirds of unit landed. REEL 12 Continues: Recollections of operations as NCO with A Sqdn, 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div during Operation Epsom in Normandy, France, 25/6/1944-30/6/1944: plan for attack on Cheux; 15th (Scottish) Infantry Div's use of chanters and kettle drum; unexpected German resistance in Cheux; obtaining pewter mugs; memories of American Lieutenant Frederick Lowinger; story of Irish trooper's over stay of leave for twelve months; prior recollection of accident with tank in GB; troop commander's method of command, 26/6/1944. REEL 13 Continues: in action against German tanks; rescue of members of 3rd Troop; how his Cromwell Tank became stuck in rubble; launching of German counter-attack whilst his tank was immobilised; Cromwell Tank's cowling arrangement to deal with sparks from tank's exhausts; freeing of tank and re-joining A Sqdn; how second in command fell casualty to sniper; reaction to wearing steel helmets in action; burying tank commander under apple tree; objective of Operation Epsom. REEL 14 Continues: role of unit covering 3rd Royal Tank Regt's withdrawal from Hill 112; harbouring system; planned use of unit at night on Hill 112, 29/6/1944; start of German artillery fire during advance into action on line of approach, 29/6/1944; death of Lieutenant Frederick Lowinger at Hill 112, 29/6/1944; division of squadron during line of approach; account of night action, 29/6/1944; possibility of effecting a 'neutral turn' in Cromwell Tank. REEL 15 Continues: method of extricating his tank from lane in bocage, 29/6/1944; collision with C Sqdn tank commanded by Sergeant Norman Spence; knocking out of Lieutenant John Hobson's tank; arrival of Lieutenant Stephen White from C Sqdn and reaction to his proposal to form ad hoc troop, 30/6/1944; question of unit history's claims about operation; concern of German breakthrough taking place between Operations Epsom and Goodwood, 7/1944. Recollections of operations as NCO with A Sqdn, 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div during Operation Goodwood in Normandy, 18/7/1944-20/7/1944: plans for Operation Goodwood; sight of civilians sheltering in disabled gliders in Ranville area. REEL 16 Continues: loss of troop commander Lieutenant Dalby at start of Operation Goodwood, 18/7/1944; effect on Germans and British troops of Allied air raid preceding operation; decimation of 3rd Royal Tank Regt in valley; description of German dug out positions for Tiger Tanks; fire tactics he laid down for his tank crew; recovering from first day of operation, 18/7/1944; resumption of operation; method of protecting tank commander from snipers; speed with which Sergeant Jack Mann's knocked out tank was replaced; loss of tanks on approach to Bourgébus Ridge and change in line of approach, 19/7/1944; artillery shell hit on back on his tank during German counter-attack, 19/7/1944; wounds received by crew; aid given by 7th Armoured Div crews; arrangement for cannibalizing tanks. REEL 17 Continues: re-joining unit; wounding from blowing up of ammunition lorry; hospitalisation in field hospital; initial expectation of being sent back to GB; question of regard in which D-Day veterans were held; return to unit; memories of Major 'Tush' Ward; making 'bivvy' with two ground sheets; story of post-war meeting with comrade; role delivering tanks to unit; return back to old crew, 29/7/1944. REEL 18 Continues: Recollections of operations as NCO with A Sqdn, 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry, 11th Armoured Div during Operation Bluecoat in Normandy, France, 30/7/1944-8/1944: problems created for him as tank commander in having an incompetent driver; start of operation, 31/7/1944; tactics employed during operation; problems of operating tanks in bocage; role of unit in securing bridges at Le Bény-Bocage; arrival of elements of 11th Armoured Div near Vire, France, 3/8/1944; infiltration of German Tiger Tanks and panzergrenadiers into unit lines, night, 3/8/1944-4/8/1944; problems caused by incompetent driver; democratic decision making within the tank crew. REEL 19 Continues: abandoning tank in La Bistière area, 4/8/1944; entering British lines; unit move to Beaulieu after 5/8/1944; capture of Viessoix, 8/1944; reconnaissance into German occupied Flers; reasons for never returning to Normandy, post-1944; disbandment of unit, 18/8/1944; nature of journey on tank transporters on route to Bayeux, 18/8/1944. REEL 20 Continues: Recollections of operations as NCO with B Sqdn, 1st Royal Tank Regt, 22nd Armoured Bde, 7th Armoured Div in North West Europe, 8/1944-10/1944: posting to regiment; eccentric dress tradition of desert veterans; encounter with old friend Jack Smith, 20/8/1944; reception at unit; role of former 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry members in unit; acquiring substitute driver; wounding of substitute driver by German Panzerfaust; arrival of second replacement driver Albert Garrett. REEL 21 Continues: contrast in attitude of 1st Royal Tank Regt personnel to 2nd Northamptonshire Regt; story of acquiring peaches and raspberries; method of crossing River Seine, France; later passing through Menin Gate, Ypres, Belgium; character of terrain on France/Belgium border; problem from lack of maps north of River Seine, France; orders for front line troops to be cautious in encountering German rear echelons; use of pit head baths; attention paid by deserts veterans to their personal comforts; story of encounter with Germans in dark and behaviour of driver Albert Garrett; loss of tank track on one of squadron's Cromwell Tanks; subsequent skirmish with Germans in town; description of 'neutral turn'. REEL 22 Continues: opening fire on German armoured car; occasion when his crew destroyed German anti-tank gun on route to s'Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, 10/1944; problems of having civilians climb all over tank; rapid move into Belgium; exhilarating feeling of power driving tanks at high speed; relaxation period at Ghent, Belgium, 9/1944; his pressure on his crew not to go into Brussels, Belgium; sight of air armada during Operation Market Garden; role of unit during Operation Market Garden; relations with civilians at Noordwijk, Netherlands. REEL 23 Continues: method by which tank squadron moved across country; first encounter with Dutch civilians; exchange of gifts with Dutch civilians; sight of injured American paratroopers at Eindhoven, Netherlands; threat to armour on Arnhem Corridor, Netherlands; move to Veghel, Netherlands; role of 11th Armoured Div in Arnhem Corridor, Netherlands; opinion of Pioneer Corps; reaction of American paratroopers to not being relieved; British rations; problems with tank guns; period spent on gun maintenance; method of protecting tank crew from hot shell cases; how tank shells are loaded into breach of tank gun. REEL 24 Continues: accidental firing of tank's gun and demolition of café; explanation of term 'fly-over'; effect of premature shell firing and outcome of the charges against him; importance of capturing s'Hertogenbosch, Netherlands; terrain around s'Hertogenbosch, Netherlands; altercation with his troop commander during advance; typical reception from civilians in Netherlands; reaction to surrender of group of Waffen-SS men at farmhouse; 12th SS Panzer Div 'Hitlerjugend' tendency to smuggle unpleasant surprises next to their jockstraps. REEL 25 Continues: grenade attack on tank by German soldier hidden in ditch; rapid evacuation of tank and wounds sustained by crew; use of donkey motor to substitute for main engine of Cromwell Tank; return to tank to see if it was capable of movement; method of disabling tank with petrol soaked rag; treatment for wounds; question of how desert veterans protected themselves. REEL 26 Continues: reaction to posting to Sherman Firefly Tank. Recollections of period of hospitalisation in Belgium, 10/1944-12/1944: background to hospitalisation; talks with psychiatrist Major Munns; alternative forms of treatment offered; extracting humour from situation; test and assessments; regrading to C1 Recollections of period as driver with Lines of Communication Troops, 21st Army Group in Belgium, 12/1944-1945: start of work at Zedelgem, 12/1944. REEL 27 Continues: need to scavenge fuel at Zedelgem; living conditions at Zedelgem; pilfering of badges and insignia; his harmonica prowess and story of winning Larry Adler's harmonica; story of turning down privileges for playing his harmonica; ration rackets at Zedelgem; prior recollection of NCO involved in rackets at Ogbourne St George, GB; degree of pilfering and theft in Bruges. REEL 28 Continues: taking personal arms to GB; atmosphere at Zedelgem, 1/1945; story of visit to Gaston van der Kerkhoeven in Bruges; effect of four years German occupation on Belgium; story of labourer who Germans refused to take to Germany. REEL 29 Continues: use of cigarettes on black market; reasons why British Army clamped down on accumulated credits; precautions against theft from barrack rooms; posting to Brussels; administration of inoculations; overcrowding on public transport; demand to retain his pistol on leaving Brussels; collapse on train from effect of inoculations. REEL 30 Continues: opinion of panels depicting 'Lili Marlene' in former German occupied barracks in Brussel; role as driver mechanic at interpreters unit; relations with Sergeant-Major Tom Gillingham; theft of British Army vehicles in Brussels; meaning of phrase 'an Irishman's ride'; his anxiety to return to unit; visit to Germany; background to leaving unit. REEL 31 Continues: Recollections of period with Lines of Communications Troops, 21st Army Group in Germany, 5/1945-12/1945: becoming driver to Lieutenant Wolfe; accident with Belgian horse; job retrieving motorcycles; dealing with Lieutenant Wolfe's manner; story of journey into Germany and giving lift to Canadian officer; overnight stay with Canadian Army troops; attitude of Canadian Army towards stores; fitting jeep tyres to car. REEL 32 Continues: arrival at displaced persons camp; Lieutenant Wolfe's fears of serving in Germany; apprehensions of German civilians about Lieutenant Wolfe; witnessing launching of V2 Rocket with Special Projectile Operations Group (SPOG) at Cuxhaven; prevalence of theft in British Army; his reasons for masquerading as a desert veteran; visit to Möhne Dam and conversation with German engineer. REEL 33 Continues: visit to Solingen; impressions of Scottish troops drill; description of former Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp; arrival in Berlin and encounter with Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov; German civilians' obsession with alliance with Allies against Soviet Union; sight of Admiral Karl Doenitz's staff car; appearance of Berlin, 1945; how Lieutenant Wolfe found his mother in Charlottenburg, Berlin; encounter with former comrades serving with 1st Royal Tank Regt in Berlin; relations between British Army troops and German female civilians in Berlin; smuggling girl from former Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp to Brussels, Belgium. REEL 34 Continues: trial of British soldier accused of raping German girl; leave arrangements; problems of travelling across Europe from Calais, France to Hesselheide; building fences for gymkhanas; desperate plight of German civilians; German civilian's apple peeling technique. Recollections of demobilisation in GB, 1/1946: travelling back to GB for demobilisation. REEL 35 Continues: obtaining new topcoat with plastic buttons; memories of Jack Smith; character of No 25 Demobilisation Group and congestion at Calais, France, 1/1946; winning housey-housey kitty at Calais, France; foreign currency racket; confiscation of weapons at Dover; story of comrade who joined Royal Army Medical Corps; demobilisation procedure in Northampton, 1/1946; Burma veteran who wanted to watch the end of a Walt Disney cartoon during demobilisation process. REEL 36 Continues: kitting out with demobilisation suit; composition of AB64 document; demobilisation money drawn; atmosphere on demobilisation; discovery that he had a daughter on demobilisation; use of battledress as everyday wear; clothing rationing after Second World War; transfer to British Army's Z Reserve. Recollections of return to civilian life in GB from 1/1946: legal requirement for employers to re-employ men in their old jobs; fashion for small businesses after end of Second World War; how legal re-employment scheme did not always work; descriptions of closing rooms; development of self-reliance in British Army in comparison with industrial work prior to Second World War. REEL 37 Continues: how looking for a trade attitude became looking for an opportunity; attitude of women to having to give up wartime employment; achieving aim of becoming a home owner; acquiring Austin 7 motor car; background to becoming a taxi driver. REEL 38 Continues: how his abstention from alcohol made him much in demand as taxi driver; paying for his daughter's wedding. Reflections on military service: question of psychological effects of military service; story of British Legion's attempt to rectify his pension; attitude towards serving with 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry during Second World War. REEL 39 Continues: difference between a Territorial Army and a regular British Army personnel; airfield defence duties, 1939-1940; question of slackness in wartime.

Object Details

Category: Sound
Related period: 1990 to the present day (production), Second World War (content), Second World War (association)
Creator: IWM (Production company)
Wood, Conrad (Recorder)
Spittles, Reginald James (Interviewee/Speaker)
Production date: 2001-10-07
Dimensions: whole: Duration 1175, Number Of Items 39
Catalogue number: 16808

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Spittles, Reginald James (Oral history)

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