Hatton, Timothy (Oral history)

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British officer cadet with Indian Army College, Bangalore, India, 1944-1945; officer served with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in Burma, Malaya, Indonesia, Thailand and India, 1945-1947; police officer served with Federation of Malaya Police in Kuala Selangor, Malaya, 1949; served as Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to Police Commissioner in Kuala Lumpar, Malaya, 1949-1950; police officer served with Federation of Malaya Police in Kulin, Malaya, 1950-1951; served with Special Branch, Federation of Malaya Police in Seremban, Malaya, 1952; served with Special Branch, Federation of Malaya Police in Pahang State, Malaya, 1952-1955; served as Assistant Commissioner (Communism) Malaya, Federation of Malaya Police in Kuala Lumpar, Malaya, 1957-1963; served as Deputy Director of Special Branch, Royal Malaysia Police in Malaysia, 1963-1966

Content description

REEL 1 Background in GB, 1925-1943: family; education; character of education at Pangbourne Naval College; degree to which Second World War effected Pangbourne area. Aspects of period as officer cadet with Indian Army College in Bangalore, India, 1944-1945: reasons for applying to join Indian Army; selection process; voyage from GB to India; problems with dirty dirk prior to inspection on arrival in Bombay; uniform worn; train journey; attitude towards training; sharing room with Indian cadet, then Gurkha cadet; pattern of officer training; method of learning about rifle. REEL 2 Continues: learning Gurkhali; importance of learning languages in Indian Army; contrast in use of lavatory between British and Indian cadets; boxing; different speeds of marching; mess life. Recollections of period as officer with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in India, 1945: joining regiment at Dehradun; location of camp; volunteering to give Gurkha recruits initial training; method used by commanding officer to see if officers got along with Gurkhas; character of Gurkha recruits; relations between Gurkhas and British officers; type of problems faced by Gurkhas; importance of constant training and keeping Gurkha recruits busy; Gurkhas' sense of humour; calibre of Gurkha officers and NCOs; fighting qualities of Gurkhas; Gurkha class system. REEL 3 Continues: nature of Gurkha celebrations; temperament of Gurkhas; importance of appearance to Gurkhas; description of Kukri; personal Kukris carried; rations; relations between officers and Gurkhas; attending jungle training course in southern India; communication in jungle; instruction on living in jungle. Aspects of period as officer with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in Burma and Singapore, Malaya, 1945: reasons for volunteering to serve in Burma to take Japanese troops' surrender. REEL 4 Continues: method of getting Japanese to surrender; Japanese who deserted to live with Sakai people in Burma; move to Singapore; attitude of civilians to Japanese occupation; return of Japanese POWs to Japan; state of former POWs of Japanese. Recollections of operations as officer with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in Surabaya, Java, Indonesia, 1945: situation in Indonesia, 1945; loss of brigade commander; attacking Surabaya Jail to free Dutch internees; attitude of Indonesians towards British presence; nature of fighting in Surabaya; story of Dutch civilian recovering his money from house occupied by unit's quartermaster; obtaining rations from zoo in Surabaya; opinion of newly arrived Dutch officers; Gurkhas' smuggling of pets aboard troopship; relations between battalion and Seaforth Highlanders; Indonesian shelling of positions in Surabaya; main cause of battalion casualties; marriages between unit personnel and local women. REEL 5 Continues: Aspects of period as officer with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in Thailand, 1945: move to Thailand; role of unit; teaching Gurkhas to sail; period in jungle; how Chinese Communists took to jungle after Japanese surrender; Chinese Communists' preparations for coming war in jungle; presence of Japanese with Chinese Communists; method of dealing with leeches; state of men's health; lack of malaria in company. Aspects of operations as officer with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in Palembang, Sumatra, Indonesia, 1946: move to Sumatra; situation on arrival; theft of vehicles by civilians; arrival of Dutch troops and their behaviour. REEL 6 Continues: Aspects of period as officer with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in Malaya, 1946-1947: move to Port Swettenham; presence of Chinese Communists in jungle; Chinese squatters and degree of support they gave to Communists in jungle; intelligence gathering; description of Communist camps; sources of Chinese Communist weapons; type of uniforms worn by Communists; origins of Mien Yuen during Japanese occupation. Aspects of period as officer with 9th Bn Gurkha Rifles in India, 1947: preference of Gurkhas for remaining under British control rather than Indian, 1947; journey from Malaya to Delhi, India; situation in Delhi, summer 1947; reasons for posting to Meo community village, south of Delhi; threats to Meo community and their vote to move to Pakistan; relations with head man; organisation of march westwards. REEL 7 Continues: role of Hindu wedding planners in organisation of march; attempt to count refugees; question of motives for murder of refugees; presence of large number of young boys on march; distribution of food; use of ox carts; character of march; abortive attempt of Lady Edwina Mountbatten to inspect latrines; method of dealing with march through Sikh dominated area; length and nature of column; attitude of Meo people to leaving home area for Pakistan; arrival of troops from Pakistan. REEL 8 Continues: problems with trains running alongside of column; ambushing of trains; attitude of Gurkhas to situation; fate of Meo people on arrival in Pakistan; attitude of his Gurkhas to not being able to serve with British Army; death of Meo headman; return to GB, 1947. Aspects of period as civilian in London, GB, 1947-1948: background to attempt to join Colonial Administrative Service; story of obtaining job as Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to Sir Edward Gent, High Commissioner in Malaya; move to Malaya and reasons for joining Federation of Malaya Police. REEL 9 Continues: further details of obtaining job as Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to Sir Edward Gent, High Commissioner in Malaya; death of Sir Edward Gent in mid-air collision and loss of employment, 4/7/1948. Recollections of period as police officer with Federation of Malaya Police in Kuala Lumpar, Malaya, 1948-1949: lack of experience; learning Malay language; character of police and armed forces at start of Emergency; situation in Kuala Lumpar district; recruitment of squad to operate in the jungle; uniform worn by recruits; jungle training undertaken; gathering information on Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army; attitudes and actions of Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army in Kuala Lumpar; attitude of government officers to start of Emergency; acquiring arms and ammunition from army; degree to which police armed. REEL 10 Continues: use of ex-Gurkha officers of Gurkhali on telephone; nature of Emergency and incidents that prompted it's declaration; Communist insurgents taking to jungle, 1948; organisation of jungle squad; number of Indian Communist insurgents; question of penetrating Communist organisation; support from Communist insurgents from Chinese Communists; story of capture of insurgent in old Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army headquarters in Kuala Lumpar; interrogation of suspect; acquiring photographs of insurgents; building up intelligence; clearing of insurgents from urban Kuala Lumpar; role of army in sweep operations; relations with 2nd Bn Scots Guards. REEL 11 Continues: Recollections of period as police officer with Federation of Malaya Police in Kuala Selangor, Malaya, 1949: transfer to Kuala Selangor; amusing story of monkey's antics; character of Communist activity in area; arrival of ex-Palestine Police Force policemen; night-time defences on rubber plantations; visit of planters to Kuala Lumpar; initial posting of police recruits in Malaya; opinion of ex-Palestine Police Force policemen; travelling around state; quiet nature of Kuala Selangor; rubber estates; need to search policemen after operations; fortified villages; description of Chinese squatter rubber plantations; attitude of squatters towards Communists; his recruitment of Chinese special constables. REEL 12 Continues: story acquiring seat from crashed helicopter; attending Chinese language course. Aspects of period as Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to Police Commissioner in Kuala Lumpar, Malaya, 1949-1950: size of his headquarters; role and duties including giving talks; supervising Very Important Person (VIP) tours around Malaya; attempts to procure military equipment; how he managed to get six cars armoured plated for free from American tin mine manager; ambush on armoured car he was travelling in; degree of organisation of civil/military groups; attitude of commissioner to socialising; importance of meetings; situation in Kuala Lumpar during period as Aide-de-Camp (ADC); attitude towards role as Aide-de-Camp (ADC). REEL 13 Continues: Recollections of period as police officer with Federation of Malaya Police in Kulin, Malaya, 1950-1951: move to area; construction of forts; insurgent retreat to Thailand from Kulin; tactics employed; behaviour of insurgents towards Chinese rubber tappers; method of obtaining information from Chinese rubber tappers; closed nature of Chinese society; origins of Malay policemen; role in selection of sites for forts; insurgent attacks on police stations; incidents when he was in police stations when they were attack by insurgents; method of getting to know his area of responsibility; taking cover in bath on rubber estates; cases when he was ambushed in vehicles; car journeys and drill if ambushed. REEL 14 Continues: reasons for death of planters and advice given to them; character of Briggs Plan; naming of fortified villages after seven dwarfs; searching villages; lack of insurgent infiltration into fortified villages; use of informers; improvements for villagers living in fortified villages; special constables; dealing with recruits; presence of bandits in Kulin; follow up actions after ambush; information received from Chinese informants leading to setting up of ambushes; building up intelligence picture of Communist insurgents; lack of insurgents surrendering at that stage of Emergency; interrogation of surrendered insurgents. REEL 15 Continues: reasons for insurgent surrenders; interrogation of surrendered insurgents; story of taking surrender of high ranking insurgent who had killed his commanding officer; identification of dead insurgents taken from jungle; relations with army personnel; secret society activities and recruitment of their members; background to death of High Commissioner Sir Henry Gurney, 6/10/1951; awareness of insurgent move into Kulin. Aspects of period learning Chinese in Kuala Lumpar, Malaya, 1951-1952: background to decision to learning Hokkien Chinese; learning Chinese; aiding teacher to write books on Hokkien Chinese and Gurkhali; method of learning conversational Chinese. REEL 16 Continues: character of Hokkien Chinese; nature of conversations with Hokkien Chinese civilians; amusing story of using Chinese language whilst volunteering as guide in Salisbury Cathedral, 2012; Hokkien Chinese slang; importance of security forces learning Chinese; variations in origins of Chinese in Malaya; composition of Chinese population in Malaya; use of leave to learn practical Chinese in 'death house' in Singapore. REEL 17 Continues: Aspects of period as police officer with Special Branch, Federation of Malaya Police in Seremban, Malaya, 1952: request to carry out interrogation work on captured/surrendered insurgents; first interrogation carried out on high ranking insurgent; meeting with Sir Gerald Templar; interrogation techniques; importance of financial incentives to insurgents; nature of intelligence gained from high ranking insurgent; Communist organisation in Malaya; degree to which insurgents would offer up intelligence; change in attitude of military on arrival of Sir Gerald Templar; effect of Sir Gerald Templar's methods; composition of committees. REEL 18 Continues: use of air bombardment; story of taking surrender of three Communist Chinese insurgents on train and subsequent field interrogation; escape of female insurgent and her recapture; story of sight of former female insurgent on leaving Malaysia in 1966; motivation of insurgents to surrender. Recollections of period as police officer with Special Branch, Federation of Malaya Police in Pahang State, Malaya, 1952-1956: posting to Pahang State; classification of insurgent activity in different areas; removal of Chinese squatters into fortified villages; methods of imposing control in area of responsibility; use of detention; recruitment of detectives; character of Malay Communist insurgents; use of Sultan of Pahang to talk to local civilians against Communist influence. REEL 19 Continues: further details of Malay Communist insurgents; nationalist influence amongst Malay population; memories of British advisors to Malay states; size of Special Branch in state; use of photographs of insurgents; psychological warfare used against insurgents; use of family relationships to entice insurgents out of jungle; Communist indoctrination in jungle camps; process of handling insurgents who had surrendered in jungle including use of former British Communist journalist Douglas Hyde; release of detainees at end of Emergency; reversal of most insurgents' political views on surrender. REEL 20 Continues: process of dealing with surrendered insurgents; penalties for carrying weapons; question of potential duplicity of Surrendered Enemy Personnel (SEP); targeting sources of financial and food supplies; insurgent method of carrying messages and food; searches; use of bicycles to smuggle food; importance of keeping some insurgents' supply routes open; clothing worn; amusing story of how his car was ambushed by elephants; how area recieved 'white' classification; state of insurgents who had been in the jungle since before the Emergency including former Japanese soldiers. REEL 21 Continues: use of American experimental thermal imaging device and subsequent discovery of nature of heat sources; role of women in Communist organisation; degree of commitment of male and female Communist insurgents; removal of captured insurgents to China; character of area at time on his leaving. Recollections of period as Assistant Commissioner (Communism) Malaya, Federation of Malaya Police in Kuala Lumpar, Malaya, 1957-1963: appointment to role; staff; committee work; composition of committee; penetration of Communist insurgent organisation; location of Communist insurgent high command; techniques used by Douglas Hyde. REEL 22 Continues: nature of external Communist threat to Malaya; character of Chinese Communists living in the jungle; government talks with Chin Peng; opinion of Chin Peng; People's Republic of China's view of Communist Party of Malaya; Chin Peng's family; messages sent by Chin Peng to his family; ruthlessness of Chin Peng towards party members; his interrogation of high ranking Communist; effects of Communist Party of Malaya not being recognised as a political party during moves towards Independence; nature of Indian support for Communist Party of Malaya; degree of Malayan support for Communist Party of Malaya; character of Osman China. REEL 23 Continues: how Malayan Communists lost interest in cause. Aspects of period as Deputy Director of Special Branch, Royal Malaysia Police in Malaysia, 1963-1966: initial appointments prior to taking position; mass surrenders of Communists; background to taking role; degree of Communist threat; Indonesian threat to Malaysia; problems of British security services organising operation in Indonesia; further details of Indonesian threat to Malaysia; leaving Malaysia, 1966; attitude towards service in Malaya.

Object Details

Category: Sound
Related period: 1990 to the present day (production)
Creator: IWM (Production Company)
McDonough, Richard (Recorder)
Hatton, Timothy (Interviewee/Speaker)
Production date: 2012-03-29
Dimensions: whole: Duration 690, Number Of Items 23
Catalogue number: 33616

Object associations

Associated people and organisations

Hatton, Timothy
Mountbatten, Edwina Cynthia Annette
Gent, Gerard Edward James
Gurney, Henry Lovell Goldsworthy
Templer, Gerald Walter Robert
Chin, Peng
Hyde, Douglas Arnold
Indian Army, College, Bangalore
Indian Army, Gurkha Rifles, Bn, 9
Colonial Police, Federation of Malaya Police
Colonial Police, Federation of Malaya Police, Special Branch
Police, Royal Malaysia Police

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