Drake, Billy (Oral history)

British officer served as pilot with 1 Sqdn, No 11 Group, Fighter Command, RAF in GB, 1937-1939; served with 1 Sqdn, No 67 Wing, Advanced Air Striking Force, RAF in France, 9/1937-5/1940; served as instructor at No 6 Operational Training Unit, RAF at RAF Sutton Bridge, GB, 6/1940-10/1940; commanded 421 (Reconnaissance) Flight, RAF in GB, 10/1940-2/1941 served as instructor with No 53 Operational Training Unit, RAF at RAF Heston, GB, 2/1941-9/1941; served with 128 Sqdn, RAF at RAF Hastings, Sierra Leone, 10/1941-2/1942; served with 260 Sqdn, No 262 Wing, RAF in Middle East, 4/1942-5/1942; commanded 112 Sqdn, No 239 Wing, Air Headquarters Western Desert, RAF and RAF Middle East in North Africa, 6/1942-1/1943; served with Headquarters, RAF Middle East and No 203 Group, RAF in Middle East, 1/1943-4/1943; commanded Krendi Wing, RAF on Malta, 6/1943-10/1943; commanded No 136 Wing, 2nd Tactical Air Force, RAF in GB, 10/1943-4/1944; served as instructor at Fighter Leaders School, RAF at RAF Millfield, GB, 4/1944-9/1944; student at US Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, US, 10/1944-1/1945; served as staff officer with Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), Rheims, France, 3/1945-6/1945; various postings as officer with RAF, 1945-1962

REEL 1 Background in GB and Switzerland, 1917-1936: family; early education and interest in aviation; character of education at schools in Switzerland; hobbies; flight with Alan Cobham's Flying Circus. Recollections of enlistment and pilot training with RAF in GB, 1936-1937: parent's attitude to his joining Royal Air Force; selection interview; training on Avro 643 Cadet with Air Service Training (AST) at Hamble including spinning, elementary aerobatics and navigation; instructors; kitting out; move to No 6 Flying Training School, RAF at RAF Netheravon; ground instruction, flying tests and blind flying; near failure of Chief Flying Instructor (CFI)'s flying test, 1/1/1937. REEL 2 Continues: sight of world altitude record holder Squadron Leader Francis Swain at RAF Netheravon; opinion of Hawker Fury; accident on returning from training camp; opinion of pilot skills; gunnery training. Recollections of period as pilot with 1 Sqdn, No 11 Group, Fighter Command, RAF in GB, 1937-1939: desire to fly fighter aircraft; posting to squadron at RAF Tangmere; emphasis on formation flying and lack of tactics; briefing from British Air Attache in Berlin, Germany on German Air Force tactics, 1938; emphasis on aerobatics; relations with fellow officers; mess life and sport; operating two season flying routine; encouragement to visit other Royal Air Force airfields; story of experiencing contrails; on stand by during Munich Crisis, 9/1938. REEL 3 Continues: converting onto Hawker Hurricane Mk I at Brooklands; opinion of Hawker Hurricane; impressions of Squadron Leader Patrick 'Bull' Halahan; role of squadron leaders and flight commanders; relations with Flight Lieutenant Peter 'Johnnie' Walker and Flying Officer Prosser Hanks; memories of Flying Officer Leslie Clisby, Flying Officer Paul Richey, Flying Officer John 'Killy' Kilmartin, Flying Officer Cyril 'Pussy' Palmer and Pilot Officer Peter 'Boy' Mould; relations with NCO pilots. Recollections of operations as pilot with 1 Sqdn, No 67 Wing, Advanced Air Striking Force, RAF in France, 9/1939-5/1940: move to Le Havre area, 9/1939; memories of French liaison officer Jean 'Moses' Demozay; accommodation during winter 1939-1940; lack of ground control; move to Vassincourt; shooting down of Messerschmitt Bf 109, 19/4/1940. Recollections of operations as pilot with 1 Sqdn, No 67 Wing, Advanced Air Striking Force, RAF during Battle of France, 10/5/1940-13/5/1940: start of German attacks, 10/5/1940; reaction to first day in action; move to Berry-au-Bac. REEL 4 Continues: Flying Officer Prosser Hanks' leadership during first patrol, 12/5/1940; bailing out of aircraft during attack on Dornier Do 17 over Perthes, 13/5/1940; medical treatment received from French; evacuation to chateau; aid from girlfriend in Paris; evacuation to GB; adaptation of armoured seat to Hawker Hurricane; discovery of his Hawker Hurricane Mk I in 2003; wounds and clothing worn. Aspects of period as flying instructor with No 6 Operational Training Unit, RAF at RAF Sutton Bridge, GB, 6/1940-10/1940: posting to unit; degree to which combat experience was passed on; amusing story of dogfighting with Polish pilot. Aspects of operations commanding 421 (Reconnaissance) Flight, RAF in GB, 10/1940-2/1941: role of flight to shadow German formations; reasons for being summoned to see Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park; requesting Supermarine Spitfire for flight; estimating numbers of German formations; opinion of Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park and his tactics; introduction of new tactics. REEL 5 Continues: tactics employed by flight; relations with Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh Mallory. Aspects of period as instructor at No 53 Operational Training Unit, RAF at RAF Heston, GB, 2/1941-9/1941: introduction of new fighter tactics; correct distance to open fire at; memories of Group Captain Ira 'Taffy' Jones; problems of training instructors; characteristics of fighter pilots; memories of Squadron Leader John 'Johnny' Kent. Aspects of operations as pilot with 128 Sqdn, RAF at RAF Hastings, Sierra Leone, 10/1941-3/1942: posting to squadron; operating from West Africa; influence of Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park on his leaving squadron; shooting down of Vichy French Glenn Martin 167F reconnaissance aircraft, 12/1941. Aspects of period as pilot with 260 Sqdn, No 262 Wing, RAF in Middle East, 4/1942-5/1942: flight to join unit; contracting malaria; opinion of Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk. Recollections of operations commanding 112 Sqdn, No 239 Wing, Air Headquarters Western Desert and Royal Air Force Middle East in North Africa, 6/1942-1/1943: taking command of squadron; changes in desert air war; origins of unit insignia; role as squadron commander. REEL 6 Continues: use of pilot messes; accommodation; water rationing and insistence on pilot's shaving; flying kit worn including scarf; imposing leadership on squadron; character of airstrips; airfield defence; problems with sand; reasons for taking off line abreast; further details of Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk and it's role as a ground attack aircraft; reaction to squadron taking over ground attack role; evolving ground attack techniques; targets and heights operated at; numbers of aircraft operated. REEL 7 Continues: method of controlling operations; navigating over desert; briefing of pilots; technique for attacking German airfields; attack of German airfield and destruction of large number of Messerschmitts Bf 109s, 6/1942; method of escorting light/medium bombers; method of moving squadron between airstrips; attacking soft targets and armoured vehicles; close support for Free French at Bir Hakeim, Libya, 6/1942; leading squadron in the air; question of casualties; importance of leader experience; discussion of tactics; dealing with pilot stress and effects of fatigue. REEL 8 Continues: opportunies to attack Axis aircraft; personal claims; attacking Junkers Ju 87 Stukas; impressions of aerial combat; role of wing man; opinion of Italian Air Force pilots; importance of radio transmission discipline; method of turning squadron to face attack; role of squadron leader in combat; claims made by German pilot Joachim Marseilles to have shot him down; attitude towards German pilots; last combat with squadron and forced landing; use of personal markings and aircraft; importance of good eyesight. Aspects of period as officer with Headquarters, Royal Air Force Middle East and No 203 Wing, RAF in Middle East, 1/1943-4/1943: posting, 1/1943; leading group of Bristol Blenheims from Kenya to Cairo, Egypt. Aspects of operations commanding Krendi Wing, RAF on Malta, 6/1943-10/1943: background to taking command of wing; role as wing leader. REEL 9 Continues: reaction to effect of supercharger kicking in on Supermarine Spitfire Mk IX; incident of having problem judging height; gunnery practice during voyage aboard HMS Rodney from Malta to GB . Aspects of operations commanding No 136 Wing, No 84 Group, 2nd Tactical Air Force, RAF in GB, 12/1943-4/1944: taking command of wing, 12/1943; impressions of Hawker Typhoon and use of bombs and rockets; problems with Hawker Typhoon engines including forced landing at RAF Biggin Hill; attacking V1 Flying Bomb sites; attack on Cherbourg, France and subsequent recriminations; posting to Fighter Leaders School, RAF at RAF Milfield, GB, 4/1944-9/1944. Aspects of period as student with United States Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, United States of America, 10/1944-1/1945: posting to staff school; opinion of American pilots; brotherhood of Royal Air Force pilots. REEL 10 Continues: Aspects of period as staff officer with Supreme Headquarter Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) at Rheims, France, 3/1945-6/1945: duties; borrowing Sir James Robb's personal Supermarine Spitfire; opinion of General Dwight D Eisenhower; sight of German officers arriving to surrender; dealing with returning Royal Air Force prisoners of war; organising fly past for Marshal Georgy Zhukov's visit; taking part in victory flypast. Various postings with Royal Air Force, 1945-1963: visit to Hiroshima, Japan; posting to Malaya; posting to Day Fighter Leaders School, RAF at RAF West Raynham; flying Gloster Meteor; mass take offs as wing leader at RAF Linton-on-Ouse; opinion of reason for Gloster Meteor accidents; loss of wing leaders' role during Korean War; appointment as Deputy Chief of Intelligence, 2nd Tactical Air Force, RAF; taking former German Air Force pilot for flight in jet aircraft; intelligence duties; duties at Air Attaché in Switzerland. REEL 11 Continues: amusing story of attempting covert spying mission; flying English Electric Lightning; role of station commander at RAF Chivenor, 1962; attitude to serving with Royal Air Force; prior recollection of encounter with officer in mess at RAF Tangmere, 1937.