Harwood, Herbert Stephen (Oral history)

British NCO served with 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 132nd Infantry Bde, 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Div in GB, France, Belgium and Middle East, 8/1939-1/1943; served with 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 161st Indian Infantry Bde, 5th Indian Infantry Div in India and Burma, 2/1943-8/1945

REEL 1 Background in Bletchingley, GB, 1920-1939: family; education; employment as gardener. Recollections of period as private with C Coy, 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 132nd Infantry Bde, 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Div in GB, 8/1939-3/1940: background to joining Territorial Army, 8/1939; visit to summer camp, 8/1940; reaction to drilling; discipline within unit; battalion recruiting area; method of instructing rifle firing; story of training recruit who threw grenade badly; issue of uniform; digging trenches on mobilisation at Edenbridge, 9/1939; reaction to declaration of Second World War, 3/9/1939; move to Axminster area; accommodation at Lyme Regis; cooking for platoon; character of night exercises; method of digging trenches. REEL 2 Continues: character of unit's equipment; grenade training; memories of unit cooks; battalion morale; leave. Recollections of operations as private with C Coy, 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 132nd Infantry Bde, 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Div in France and Belgium, 4/1940-5/1940: voyage from GB to France; initial impressions of France, 4/1940; duties on France-Belgium border, 4/1940-5/1940; advance into Belgium, 10/5/1940; taking up positions at Oudenaarde, Belgium; capture of German prisoner of war; sight of refugees and question of Fifth Column; withdrawal from Oudenarde, Belgium; role as company runner; hitching lift on Bren Gun Carrier to Dunkirk, France; reaction to sight of Junkers Ju 87 Stuka attack; obtaining rations; lack of knowledge about situation; attempt to wade out to ship that had run aground; German Air Force attacks on Dunkirk, France. REEL 3 Continues: embarking on destroyer; equipment brought back to Dover, GB; reception at Dover, GB. Recollections of period as NCO with C Coy, 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 132nd Infantry Bde, 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Div in GB, 6/1940-5/1942: arrival at Blandford, 6/1940; equipment on return to GB; opinion of Sten Gun and Bren Gun; opinion of Boys Anti-Tank Rifle and Projector Infantry Anti-Tank (PIAT); reforming of battalion at Oxford; unit morale after Dunkirk Evacuation; promotion to sergeant at Walton-on-the-Hill; degree of fitness in battalion; footwear and footcare; emphasis on cleanliness; guard duties; gas training; attending booby-trap course. REEL 4 Continues: Aspects of voyage aboard HMT Laconia from GB to Egypt, 5/1942-7/1942: conditions on board; ashore in South Africa. Aspects of period as NCO with C Coy, 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 132nd Infantry Bde, 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Div in Middle East, 7/1942-1/1943: arrival in Egypt; casualty caused by accidental discharge of rifle at Port Tewfik, Egypt; uniform issued; contracting sandfly fever and treatment received; role as guard commander in transit camp at Beirut, Lebanon; riding bus for free in Beirut, Lebanon; rejoining unit and move to Iraq, 1/1943; brief attachment to 4th Indian Infantry Div. Aspects of period as NCO with C Coy, 4th Bn Queen Royal West Kent Regt, 161st Indian Infantry Bde, 5th Indian Infantry Div in India, 2/1943-11/1943: initial impressions of India; problems with lightning in camp; jungle training. REEL 5 Continues: training with mules; lack of specialist training; issue of canvas shoes; training for movement in jungle; leave in Calcutta; degree of contact with Indian civilians; move to Chittagong, 11/1944. Recollections of operations as NCO with C Coy, 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 161st Indian Infantry Bde, 5th Indian Infantry Div in Arakan, Burma, 12/1943-4/1944: terrain in Arakan; advance southwards into Arakan, 12/1943-1/1944; nature of tracks and river tributaries; Japanese delaying tactics; effect of friendly fire on B Coy near The Tunnels; character of The Tunnels; degree of contact with Japanese; opinion of Japanese tactics; size of patrols; organisation of patrols; promotion to company sergeant-major; responsibilities as company sergeant-major. REEL 6 Continues: description of captured Japanese underground fortification; use of flanking movements. Recollections of operations as NCO with C Coy, 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 161st Indian Infantry Bde, 5th Indian Infantry Div at Kohima, India, 4/1944-5/1944: flight from Arakan to Dimapur, 3/1944; road journey from Dimapur to Kohima; return to Dimapur, 1/4/1944; second move to Kohima, 4/4/1944; move of C Coy to DIS Ridge; opening fire on Japanese on Jail Hill; failure of Japanese frontal attack on DIS Ridge; continuing attacks on DIS Ridge; character of defensive positions on DIS Ridge; damage to his pack from mortar fire; Japanese use of captured ammunition; hearing shouts from Indian National Army (INA); Japanese attacks on DIS Ridge; causes of casualties on DIS Ridge; conditions for wounded; air supply of water; evacuation of wounded; role as platoon commander; argument with company commander about moving ammunition from exposed position on DIS Ridge. REEL 7 Continues: water carrying parties; sense of isolation on DIS Ridge; NCO killed helping evacuate wounded; withdrawal into reserve on Garrison Hill; method of keeping record of casualties; degree of information available about battle; start of air supply drops; supplies dropped; character of rations; fire discipline and ammunition supply; importance of Bren Gun; opening fire on Japanese with Sergeant Tatum; opinion of Japanese troops; character of DIS Ridge; attitude towards prospect of capture by Japanese; importance of comradeship; danger of moving in daylight; question of fatigue. REEL 8 Continues: in reserve on Garrison Hill; change in character of Kohima throughout siege; withdrawal from Kohima to Dimapur; degree of hand over to 1st Bn Royal Berkshire Regt; contracting malaria in Dimapur; visit by Vera Lynn; physical condition after Kohima. Recollections of operations as NCO with 4th Bn Queen Own Royal West Kent Regt, 161st Indian Infantry Bde, 5th Indian Infantry Div in India and Burma, 6/1944-8/1945: return to Kohima Box area, India; character of Japanese withdrawal from Kohima area, India; organising loads for mules; rate of advance operating in columns; air supply drops; Japanese delaying tactics; unit morale; relations between mules and muleteers; behaviour of mules; nightly routine; nature of advance towards Imphal and onto Tiddim Road, India. REEL 9 Continues: character of the Tiddim Road; lack of contact with Japanese on Tiddim Road; flight from Kalewa, Burma to Imphal, India, 12/1944; Christmas celebrations, 25/12/1944; road race; return to front line at Meiktila, Burma; co-operation with armour; method of transport during leapfrogging actions towards Rangoon, Burma; casualty caused by Japanese sniper; method of crossing rivers using inflated trousers; daily routine; importance of regular mail; character of Japanese flags; attacking village with armoured support; night-time Japanese infiltration across Rangoon Road, Burma.. REEL 10 Continues: leave in Calcutta, India, 7/1945-8/1945; story of role looking after Japanese and Indian National Army (INA) prisoners of war in Rangoon Central Jail, Rangoon, Burma including opinion of Indian National Army (INA); reaction to end of Second World War, 15/8/1945; return to GB for demobilisation, 11/1945; attitude to military service and discipline; question of changing relationships between officers, NCOs and other ranks during active service; story of dealing with private who left his post; demobilisation process and return to civilian life, 1946; attitude to having served with 4th Bn Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt during Second World War.