Austin, Charles (Oral history)

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Description

Object description

British officer served with 12th Bn King's Royal Rifle Corps on Western Front, 1917-1919; served as staff officer attached to General Headquarters, Rhine Army in Germany, 1919-1920; civilian rose farmer and big game hunter in Northern Rhodesia, 1920-1922

Content description

REEL 1 Background in Halesworth and Romford, GB, 1898-1914: father's drapery and grocery business; childhood stories; move to Romford, 1901; family circumstances; education at City of London School; training with OTC including rifle training, summer camp at Aldershot and reaction to view of airships and Colonel S F Cody; health problems including scarlet fever, mastoid operation and tonsillectomy. REEL 2 Period as apprentice draper in Sutton, 1/1914-1/1916: duties; background to obtaining position; recreations; pre-war influence of Lord Roberts and awareness of approach of war; reactions to outbreak of war, 4/8/1914; reactions to sinking of Aboukir, Cressy and Hougue, 22/9/1914; effects of war including increased responsibilities as buyer and introduction of more women and older male staff; Zeppelin raids; acting as police runner liaising between special constables on patrol; question of impact of casualty lists. REEL 3 Continues: question of impact of casualty lists; failure of underage attempt to join London Regt; question of impact of Kitchener recruiting poster and of news of his death, 6/1916; reasons for attempting to enlist. Background to recruitment with 3/4th Bn, Shropshire Light Infantry at Shrewsbury, ca 2/1916. assistance from friend; parents' reaction; journey up on milk train; bribing recruiting sergeant; medical. Recollections of conditions of service, lifestyle and daily routine at Sketty Park, Swansea, ca 2/1916-11/1916: reception and posting to C Coy; tent accommodation; relationship with ORs; latrines; reactions to discipline; PT; drill. REEL 4 Continues: route marches and songs sung; training in rifle, bayonet, hand grenades, rifle grenades, gas mask and Lewis gun; trench digging; tactical training; question of adequacy of training; relationship with officers, NCOs and ORs. REEL 5 Continues: kit inspections; pay; canteen; recreations and relationship with civilians; promotion to lance corporal and immediate demotion due to age; interview with colonel on application for commission. Recollections of period with Officers' Cadet Training Unit at Newmarket Heath, ca 11/1916-3/1917: cold conditions; man management; map reading exercises; tactics; origins of cadets; examination. Period at King's Royal Rifle Corps Depot, Queenborough, 1917. Journey out to Western Front, 5/1917: reactions; kit; parents' reaction; hitching lift rather than travelling by train. REEL 6 Recollections of joining C Coy, 12th Bn, KRRC at Bonneville, 5/1917-7/1917: reception; opinion of and relationship with various officers; relationship with ORs and NCOs; training; nature of officers' mess; move up into Ypres area; training in horse riding. Recollections of conditions of service, lifestyle and daily routine during period mainly in Pilckem Ridge/Langemarcke sectors, Ypres area, 7/1917-9/1917: reconnaissance of route into front line; corpse; ground conditions and weather; reactions to German shellfire; retention as battle reserve during attack in Langemarke sector, 16/8/1917, including briefing, success of attack and reaction to casualties; opinion of reinforcement drafts; absence of continuous trench lines. REEL 7 Continues: German pillboxes; opinion of Sergeant Edward Cooper VC; ration parties; food, water, rum and cigarette rations; ammunition supply; shaving; corpses; question of lice and rat problems; stand to; posting sentries; relationship with ORs; German shellfire on Pilckem Ridge positions, difficulty in digging in due to buried corpses and consequent retirement to Yser Canal; effects of direct shell hit on pillbox. REEL 8 Continues: German shellfire on Pilckem Ridge support positions, difficulty in digging in due to buried corpses and consequent retirement to Yser Canal; effects of direct from German shell whilst moving into line; moving up to relieve attack troops, ca 22/9/1917; ground conditions; equipment carried in line; success in repelling massed German counter-attack on Eagle Trench, ca 23/9/1917; question of fatigue and story of sentry found asleep; story of officer's death after raid on German held portion of Eagle trench; reconnaissance patrol. Period in camp near Bapaume, 10/1917: German air attack on train; close escape from long distance German shell. REEL 9 Continues: concert parties; estaminets; cross country runs. Recollections of period in Gouzecourt Wood, Villers Plouich and Beaucamp sector, Cambrai area, 10/1917-11/1917: fatigue from trench routine; nature of trenches, section posts and company headquarters dugouts; reconnaissance patrols. Preparations for Battle of Cambrai, 11/1917: re-organisation; infantry training; training in infantry-tank co-operation. Recollections of attack in Villers Plouich sector, 20/11/1917: move into line, 19/11/1917; briefing and objectives; following tanks across No Mans Land and capture of Good Mans Farm; difficulty drawing German machine gun post to attention of tanks; leg wounds from German machine gun fire. REEL 10 Continues: approaching German barbed wire; difficulty drawing German machine gun post to attention of tanks; casualties, moving into barbed wire and leg wounds from German machine gun fire; question of state of wounds; continuing advance through barbed wire; German evacuation of front line; nature of Hindenburg Line; return as walking wounded. Medical treatment at advanced dressing station at Fins, 11/1917: anti-tetanus injection; reception; state of wounds; question of 'blighty' wound. Evacuation on hospital ship to GB, 11/1917. Hospitalisation at St Thomas' Hospital, London, 11/1917-12/1917: reception from civilians; medical treatment; visitors; writing to relatives of casualties; visiting music hall. Convalescence at Birchington, 1917-1918. Periods at Ripon camp and Queenborough Depot, 1918. Recollections of period in Lens sector, Bethune area, ca 5/1918-9/1918. officers. REEL 11 Continues: quiet nature of sector. Account of platoon raid on Mericourt, 20/9/1918: failure of prior raids to identify German opposing units; story of being asked to plan raid by brigadier; plan; preparations; moving into No Mans Land; laying and detonating Bangalore torpedo under German barbed wire at 02.00; passing through gap in wire; success in getting German POW; use of phosphorous trench mortar shells to clear German dugouts; giving signal for withdrawal; lack of casualties; subsequent award of MC; near contact with German patrol whilst approaching German barbed wire; question of approach of end or war; subsequent rest period. Recollections of advance, 10/1918-11/1918: open nature of warfare; clash with German tanks at Mareche, 10/1918; stories of meetings with Brigadier Carton de Wiart. REEL 12 Continues: opinion of risks taken by Carton de Wiart in inspecting wire at Cambrai, 11/1917; clash with German tanks at Mareche, 10/1918; rapid advance to Mauberge; warnings of German booby traps; late casualties; reception from French civilians at Mauberge; news of Armistice , 11/11/1918. Period in France, ca 11/1918-2/1919: training to counter boredom amongst troops; reception of British POWs; supply problems during advance, 10/1918-11/1918; demobilisation arrangements; Christmas celebrations, 25/12/1918; GB leave and recall. Recollections of period with Military Mission in Berlin, Germany, 1919: journey; poor food at initial accommodation at Esplanade Hotel; black market food; use of civilian clothes; relationship with German civilians; carrying mail as King's Messenger; opinion of General Malcolm; posting to British staff supervising Russian POW camp in Bavaria. REEL 13 Period on staff supervising Russian POW Camp at Hamelburg, 1919: role; food, accommodation and uniform of Russian POWs; German guards; food; effects of wood alcohol on POWs; football match with German guards; accommodation; negotiations concerning pardon for Irish Bde formed by Roger Casement with Russian consul in Munich; effects of Sparticist riots in Munich; attack on repatriated Russian POWs on arrival in Northern Russia; routine duties. Period as staff officer <GSO3> in Headquarters, Rhine Army at Excelsior Hotel, Cologne, 1919-1920: inspection of German POW camp at Mulheim; inspection of outposts on demarcation line of British occupied zone; successful use of tanks to as threat against Communist insurgents in Dusseldorf; question of political situation; question of black market. REEL 14 Continues: question of black market; delivering messages to French Headquarters at Wiesbaden; circumstances of leaving Hamelburg including threat of war due to international situation and detention on suspicion of spying at French Headquarters at Wiesbaden during return to Cologne; decision not to become regular. Demobilisation, 1920. Recollections of period as rose farmer and game hunter in Lake Young area of Northern Rhodesia, 7/1920-12/1922: background to decision to join Colonel Gore-Browne in enterprise to produce attar of roses; kitting out; voyage out to Capetown, South Africa; train journey to Ndola; trek with African carriers across Belgian Congo; journey by dugout canoe up Luapulla and Chambezi Rivers; background to increasing British settlement of area and effects of African civilians; building timber house. REEL 15 Continues: drainage arrangements for house; relationship with African servants; lack of contact with European civilians; relationship with Gore-Browne; establishing rose farm using African labourers; supervising African labourers; types of game shot for food and trophies; methods employed in locating, tracking, stalking and shooting game; story of shooting charging rhinoceros; question of shooting game for trophies and decision not to shoot elephants; story of being stalked by lions. REEL 16 Continues: story of being stalked by lions whilst shooting sable bull; duties supervising African labourers; ground-nuts cultivated for cooking oil; vegetable cultivation; visits from European hunters; cultivation of sunflowers for seeds and oil; game hunting expeditions to Lake Tanganyika including African carriers, shooting swamp deer and contacts with British district commissioners; story of shooting antelope taken by lion; question of taking animal skins as trophy; story of close escape in shooting leopard; African faunae including ants, snakes, insects and crocodiles. REEL 17 Continues: African faunae including stories illustrating risk from crocodiles; attacks of influenza and malaria; background to decision to return to GB; period visiting cattle ranch near Chambezi River and problem with lions attacking stock; question of drinking habits; recreations during leisurely journey back to GB. Subsequent career: treatment for malaria; work prior to establishing own department store business.

Object Details

Category: Sound
Related period: 1990 to the present day (production), First World War (content)
Creator: IWM (Production company)
Hart, Peter M (Recorder)
Austin, Charles (Interviewee/Speaker)
Production date: 1990-02
Dimensions: whole: Duration 510, Number Of Items 17
Catalogue number: 11116

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Austin, Charles (Oral history)

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