Nieder mit den Kommunisten! [Down with the Communists!]

whole: the main image occupies the majority of the upper half, held within a narrow black border. A smaller image is positioned in the lower centre. The title is separate and positioned along the bottom edge, in black gothic script. The text is separate and positioned along the top edge and across the lower half, in black gothic script. All set against a white background. image: the main image is of a cemetery, in which a large pile of human bodies has been stacked upon the ground. The smaller image is a full- length depiction of the Russian Bolshevist, Alexandra Kollontai. text: So sterben die Proletarier und ihre Kinder in Sowjet-Russland! So leben die Vertreter des russ. Proletariats im Ausland! Frau Kollontai Gesandte der russischen Regierung in Kristiania Diese elegante Dame, eine bekannte Kommunistin, bezieht ein Jahreseinkommen von rund 120 000 Mk. Nieder mit den Kommunisten! Mannheimer Vereinsdruckerei [This is how members of the proletariat and their children are dying in Soviet Russia! This how the representatives of the Russian proletariat are living abroad! Mrs Kollontai, the Russian government's ambassador in Christiania [Oslo]. This elegant lady, a well-known Communist, draws an annual income of about 120,000 marks. Down with the Communists! Mannheim Association Press.]

Alexandra Kollontai (1872-1952) was an Ukranian-born Communist revolutionary. In 1914, Kollontai returned to Russia, following a period of exile due to earlier political activities, and joined the Bolsheviks. After the Russian Revolution in 1917, she became People's Commissar for Social Welfare and was the most prominent woman in the Soviet administration. She was best known for founding its Women's Department in 1919. The organisation worked to improve women's lives in the Soviet Union by combating illiteracy and informing women of the newly introduced marriage, education and working laws. Kollontai became increasingly critical of the Communist Party apparatus and helped form a left-wing faction known as the Worker's Opposition. However, Vladimir Lenin dissolved the faction and thereafter Kollontai was politically sidelined. When Josef Stalin gained power, he effectively exiled Kollontai by sending her abroad as a diplomat. In 1923, she became the world's first woman ambassador, serving in Norway and later in Mexico and Sweden. She was also a member of the Soviet delegation to the League of Nations.

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