The Battle of Britain

The battle begins, summer 1940
The battle begins, summer 1940

After defeating France in June 1940, Hitler assumed Britain would sue for peace but ordered his armed forces to prepare for invasion. Hermann Goering assured him that a sustained air assault would destroy the RAF, winning the air superiority needed.
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940

July 1940 saw German planes target shipping in the Channel, drawing the RAF into combat, before radar stations, communications centres and airfields faced round-the-clock bombing in August. The battle reached a climax with attacks on London in September.
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)

Joan 'Elizabeth' Mortimer, Elspeth Henderson and Helen Turner of the WAAF. All three received the Military Medal for courageous conduct during attacks on Biggin Hill airfield. Biggin Hill suffered a total of ten major attacks between 30 Aug and 5 Sept.
Non-British personnel in the RAF
Non-British personnel in the RAF

A group of pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF return from a sortie. The first Polish squadrons were formed in the summer of 1940. Pilots came from several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand and the USA.
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford

RAF Duxford was a Sector Station in 12 Group, responsible for defending the Midlands and East Anglia. As the fighting intensified, Duxford's squadrons were called on to support 11 Group's defence of London and the south-east.
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF

Despite incessant attacks, the RAF's defences held. The Luftwaffe could not continue, and in the autumn switched to 'nuisance' raids and night operations. The failure to defeat the RAF convinced Hitler to postpone his invasion plans indefinitely.

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WOMEN IN INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, NOTTINGHAM, 1918
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
A woman worker rolls and glazes a skin on a large machine in a tannery in Nottingham.
WOMEN IN INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, NOTTINGHAM, c 1918
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918
A lace worker winds cotton from a bank of spools onto a single large roll behind her at a factory in Nottingham.
WOMEN IN INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, NOTTINGHAM, c 1918
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918
A woman war worker uses a machine to fasten the sole of a shoe to its upper, at a factory in Nottingham.
INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: NOTTINGHAM
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
Female workers operate machinery in a tannery in Nottingham in September 1918.
INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: NOTTINGHAM
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
Female workers remove scud from goat skins at a tannery in Nottingham in September 1918.
INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: NOTTINGHAM
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
Two female workers carry bundles of finished lace curtains in the grounds of a Nottingham lace factory in September 1918.
INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: NOTTINGHAM
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
Female workers remove animal skins from a vat at a tannery in Nottingham in September 1918.
INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: NOTTINGHAM
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
Female workers remove hair from animal skins at a tannery in Nottingham in September 1918.
INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: NOTTINGHAM
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
Female workers glaze animal skins at a tannery in Nottingham in September 1918.
INDUSTRY DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: NOTTINGHAM
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Lewis G P 1918-09
Female tannery workers unload animal skins from railway trucks at a sidings in Nottingham in September 1918.