The Battle of Britain

The battle begins, summer 1940
The battle begins, summer 1940

After defeating France in June 1940, Hitler assumed Britain would sue for peace but ordered his armed forces to prepare for invasion. Hermann Goering assured him that a sustained air assault would destroy the RAF, winning the air superiority needed.
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940

July 1940 saw German planes target shipping in the Channel, drawing the RAF into combat, before radar stations, communications centres and airfields faced round-the-clock bombing in August. The battle reached a climax with attacks on London in September.
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)

Joan 'Elizabeth' Mortimer, Elspeth Henderson and Helen Turner of the WAAF. All three received the Military Medal for courageous conduct during attacks on Biggin Hill airfield. Biggin Hill suffered a total of ten major attacks between 30 Aug and 5 Sept.
Non-British personnel in the RAF
Non-British personnel in the RAF

A group of pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF return from a sortie. The first Polish squadrons were formed in the summer of 1940. Pilots came from several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand and the USA.
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford

RAF Duxford was a Sector Station in 12 Group, responsible for defending the Midlands and East Anglia. As the fighting intensified, Duxford's squadrons were called on to support 11 Group's defence of London and the south-east.
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF

Despite incessant attacks, the RAF's defences held. The Luftwaffe could not continue, and in the autumn switched to 'nuisance' raids and night operations. The failure to defeat the RAF convinced Hitler to postpone his invasion plans indefinitely.

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SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, GLASGOW
part of "IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM PHOTOGRAPH ARCHIVE COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Nicholls Horace
A crowd of men and women workers in sunshine at the Harland & Wolff shipbuilding yard, Glasgow. Several braziers can be seen in the foreground, probably used to heat rivets. In the background, the beginnings of a ship 'skeleton' can be seen, as can...
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
A shipbuilder operates a pneumatic hammer at a yard along the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
A blacksmith at work at a shipbuilding yard along with the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
Female labourers work at a bench at a shipbuilding yard along the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War. Note the torpedo boat destroyer (TBD) under construction nearby.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
Labourers operating a vice on a bench at a shipbuilding yard along the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War. Note the torpedo boat destroyer (TBD) nearing completion in the background.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
Male and female winch operators at work at a shipbuilding yard along the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
A shipbuilding yard along the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War. Note the dazzle camouflage on the vessel on the lefthand side.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
Men and boys at work at a shipbuilding yard along the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
Interior of a workshop at a shipbuilding yard along the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War.
SHIPBUILDING DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
part of "MINISTRY OF INFORMATION FIRST WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: Brooks Ernest (Lt) 1914
A group of female workers at a shipbuilding yard on the River Clyde in Scotland during the First World War.