The Battle of Britain

The battle begins, summer 1940
The battle begins, summer 1940

After defeating France in June 1940, Hitler assumed Britain would sue for peace but ordered his armed forces to prepare for invasion. Hermann Goering assured him that a sustained air assault would destroy the RAF, winning the air superiority needed.
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940

July 1940 saw German planes target shipping in the Channel, drawing the RAF into combat, before radar stations, communications centres and airfields faced round-the-clock bombing in August. The battle reached a climax with attacks on London in September.
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)

Joan 'Elizabeth' Mortimer, Elspeth Henderson and Helen Turner of the WAAF. All three received the Military Medal for courageous conduct during attacks on Biggin Hill airfield. Biggin Hill suffered a total of ten major attacks between 30 Aug and 5 Sept.
Non-British personnel in the RAF
Non-British personnel in the RAF

A group of pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF return from a sortie. The first Polish squadrons were formed in the summer of 1940. Pilots came from several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand and the USA.
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford

RAF Duxford was a Sector Station in 12 Group, responsible for defending the Midlands and East Anglia. As the fighting intensified, Duxford's squadrons were called on to support 11 Group's defence of London and the south-east.
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF

Despite incessant attacks, the RAF's defences held. The Luftwaffe could not continue, and in the autumn switched to 'nuisance' raids and night operations. The failure to defeat the RAF convinced Hitler to postpone his invasion plans indefinitely.

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Collections search

fabric from the German Army airship SL11
(souvenirs and ephemera)
Fabric from the First World War German Army airship SL11, which was shot down in flames over Cuffley, Hertfordshire by Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson (39 [Home Defence] Squadron, Royal Flying Corps) on 2-3 September 1916. The SL11 was the first...
fuel gauge from the German airship SL11
(souvenirs and ephemera) Made by: Maximall
Fuel gauge salvaged from the First World War German Army airship SL11, which was shot down in flames at Cuffley, Hertfordshire by Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson (39 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps) on 2-3 September 1916. The SL11 was the first airship to...
piece of wire from the German Zeppelin SL11
(vehicles, aircraft and ships)
Piece of wire from the rigging of the First World War German airship SL11made into a souvenir 'package' and sold to raise money for the Red Cross. The SL11 was shot down in flames at Cuffley, Hertfordshire by Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson (39...
ring made of salvaged metal from the German airship SL11
(souvenirs and ephemera)
Fragment of salvaged metal from the First World War German airship SL11 made into finger ring and sold to raise money for the Red Cross. The airship was shot down in flames at Cuffley, Hertfordshire by Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson on 2-3 September...
booklet, 'Destruction of Zeppelin
(souvenirs and ephemera) Made by: T. Mathews & Co. Ltd., Leicester
First World War period commemorative booklet inspired by the destruction of the German Army airship SL11 at Cuffley, Hertfordshire, on the night of 2/3 September 1916. The airship, which was destroyed by Lieutenant William Leefe-Robinson (39 Squadron,...
napkin, souvenir
(souvenirs and ephemera) Made by: S Burgess 1916
First World War period British commemorative paper napkin celebrating the destruction of a German Zeppelin SL11 by Lieutenant W F Leefe Robinson (Royal Flying Corps) on 3 September 1916.
cuff-links, made of salvaged metal from the German airship SL11
(souvenirs and ephemera)
Fragments of salvaged metal from the First World War German airship SL11 made into a pair souvenir cufflinks and sold to raise money for the Red Cross. The airship was shot down in flames at Cuffley, Hertfordshire by Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson on...
VICTORIA CROSS WINNERS 1914 - 1918: K - Z
part of "VICTORIA CROSS WINNERS 1914 - 1918: K - Z" (photographs)
Portrait of Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson RFC who was awarded the Victoria Cross for the destruction of the SL 11airship. This was the only VC awarded for action in Britain.