The Battle of Britain

The battle begins, summer 1940
The battle begins, summer 1940

After defeating France in June 1940, Hitler assumed Britain would sue for peace but ordered his armed forces to prepare for invasion. Hermann Goering assured him that a sustained air assault would destroy the RAF, winning the air superiority needed.
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940

July 1940 saw German planes target shipping in the Channel, drawing the RAF into combat, before radar stations, communications centres and airfields faced round-the-clock bombing in August. The battle reached a climax with attacks on London in September.
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)

Joan 'Elizabeth' Mortimer, Elspeth Henderson and Helen Turner of the WAAF. All three received the Military Medal for courageous conduct during attacks on Biggin Hill airfield. Biggin Hill suffered a total of ten major attacks between 30 Aug and 5 Sept.
Non-British personnel in the RAF
Non-British personnel in the RAF

A group of pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF return from a sortie. The first Polish squadrons were formed in the summer of 1940. Pilots came from several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand and the USA.
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford

RAF Duxford was a Sector Station in 12 Group, responsible for defending the Midlands and East Anglia. As the fighting intensified, Duxford's squadrons were called on to support 11 Group's defence of London and the south-east.
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF

Despite incessant attacks, the RAF's defences held. The Luftwaffe could not continue, and in the autumn switched to 'nuisance' raids and night operations. The failure to defeat the RAF convinced Hitler to postpone his invasion plans indefinitely.

Main menu

IWM London
London
Open daily 10am - 6pm
Closed 24, 25 and 26 December

Admission is free
- What's On
- Visiting Information
IWM North
Manchester
Open daily 10am - 5pm
Last admission 4.30pm
Closed 24, 25 and 26 December

Admission is free
- What's On
- Visiting Information
IWM Duxford
Cambridgeshire
Open daily

Summer 10am - 6pm
Last admission 5pm

Winter 10am - 4pm
Last admission 3pm

Closed 24, 25 and 26 December
- What's On
- Visiting Information
Churchill War Rooms
London
Open daily 9.30am - 6pm
Last admission 5pm
Closed 24, 25 and 26 December
- What's On
- Visiting Information
HMS Belfast
London
Open daily 10am - 6pm
Last admission 5pm
Closed 24, 25 and 26 December
- What's On
- Visiting Information

Collections search

Rough Sketch of an Aerial View, Suez, 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a rough sketch of an aerial view over the Suez Canal annotated with colour notes. A stretch of the canal is in the right foreground.
Sketch of the Head of the Wadi Baroda, 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a sketch of an aerial view of Wadi Baroda showing the river course leading out of the gorge.
The Gorge of the River Baroda, Lebanon, 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: an aerial view looking down into the head of the gorge of the River Baroda, with the opening of the gorge in the centre right and the plain beyond.
Sketch of the Gorge of the River Baroda, Lebanon, 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a rough working sketch of an aerial view of the gorge of the River Baroda. The river runs from the bottom left to the upper right of the composition.
Aerial View of a Mountain Range, 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a sketch of an aerial view of a mountain range with a line of jagged peaks in the immediate foreground, and another line on the horizon.
Aircraft Flying over Mountains, 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a sketch of an aerial view of a biplane, shown front on, flying over a mountain range.
Sketch for 'Flying Above Kirkuk, Kurdistan, 1919' (IWM ART 4637)
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a sketch of an aerial view from the rear cockpit of an RAF biplane showing the fuselage and tail of the aircraft in the foreground. Below is the town of Kirkuk, with the gradual slopes of hills behind the town leading up to mountaings in the...
Aerial View of a Peak, 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a sketch of an aerial view of a mountain range from the rear cockpit of a biplane, with the tail and fuselage of the aircraft in the left of the composition.
The Mountains of Judea, 30 January 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a sketch showing the mountains of Judea, the tallest peak in the centre of the composition.
Mountains of Judea, 30 January 1919
(art) Made by: Carline, Sydney William 1919
image: a view of the low and barren mountains of Judea.