The Battle of Britain

The battle begins, summer 1940
The battle begins, summer 1940

After defeating France in June 1940, Hitler assumed Britain would sue for peace but ordered his armed forces to prepare for invasion. Hermann Goering assured him that a sustained air assault would destroy the RAF, winning the air superiority needed.
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940

July 1940 saw German planes target shipping in the Channel, drawing the RAF into combat, before radar stations, communications centres and airfields faced round-the-clock bombing in August. The battle reached a climax with attacks on London in September.
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)

Joan 'Elizabeth' Mortimer, Elspeth Henderson and Helen Turner of the WAAF. All three received the Military Medal for courageous conduct during attacks on Biggin Hill airfield. Biggin Hill suffered a total of ten major attacks between 30 Aug and 5 Sept.
Non-British personnel in the RAF
Non-British personnel in the RAF

A group of pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF return from a sortie. The first Polish squadrons were formed in the summer of 1940. Pilots came from several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand and the USA.
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford

RAF Duxford was a Sector Station in 12 Group, responsible for defending the Midlands and East Anglia. As the fighting intensified, Duxford's squadrons were called on to support 11 Group's defence of London and the south-east.
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF

Despite incessant attacks, the RAF's defences held. The Luftwaffe could not continue, and in the autumn switched to 'nuisance' raids and night operations. The failure to defeat the RAF convinced Hitler to postpone his invasion plans indefinitely.

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THE BRITISH ARMY IN NORTH AFRICA 1941
part of "WAR OFFICE SECOND WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit 1941-12-22
A member of the crew of an Italian M13/40 tank giving himself up near Gazala. His captor might be a soldier of the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifles Brigade.
THE POLISH ARMY IN THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN, 1943-1945
part of "ZIMNAL M (LT COL)" (photographs) Made by: Polish Official Photographer 1944
General Kazimierz Sosnkowski, the C-in-C of the Polish Armed Forces visiting the Italian front. General Zygmunt Bohusz-Szyszko, Deputy CO of the 2nd Polish Corps (on the left) and one of the Italian Army officers are accompanying him.
THE POLISH ARMY IN THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN, 1943-1945
part of "ZIMNAL M (LT COL)" (photographs) Made by: Polish Official Photographer 1944
General Kazimierz Sosnkowski, the C-in-C of the Polish Armed Forces, inspecting troops of the 5th Kresowa Division (2nd Polish Corps) during his visit to the Italian Front.
THE POLISH ARMY IN THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN, 1943-1945
part of "ZIMNAL M (LT COL)" (photographs) Made by: Polish Official Photographer 1944
General Kazimierz Sosnkowski, the C-in-C of the Polish Armed Forces, talking to another officer during his visit to the Italian front. General Zygmunt Bohusz-Szyszko, Deputy CO of the 2nd Polish Corps, is on the right, eating a sandwich.
THE POLISH ARMY IN THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN, 1943-1945
part of "WAR OFFICE SECOND WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION" (photographs) Made by: No 2 Army Film & Photographic Unit 1944-08-31
Italian officer, who led a first patrol to reach Pesaro, giving information to a recce commander of one of the 2nd Polish Corps units in the suburbs of the town.