The Battle of Britain

The battle begins, summer 1940
The battle begins, summer 1940

After defeating France in June 1940, Hitler assumed Britain would sue for peace but ordered his armed forces to prepare for invasion. Hermann Goering assured him that a sustained air assault would destroy the RAF, winning the air superiority needed.
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940
A Heinkel He 111 bomber flying over London, September 1940

July 1940 saw German planes target shipping in the Channel, drawing the RAF into combat, before radar stations, communications centres and airfields faced round-the-clock bombing in August. The battle reached a climax with attacks on London in September.
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)
The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF)

Joan 'Elizabeth' Mortimer, Elspeth Henderson and Helen Turner of the WAAF. All three received the Military Medal for courageous conduct during attacks on Biggin Hill airfield. Biggin Hill suffered a total of ten major attacks between 30 Aug and 5 Sept.
Non-British personnel in the RAF
Non-British personnel in the RAF

A group of pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF return from a sortie. The first Polish squadrons were formed in the summer of 1940. Pilots came from several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand and the USA.
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford
Sector 'G' Operations Room at RAF Duxford

RAF Duxford was a Sector Station in 12 Group, responsible for defending the Midlands and East Anglia. As the fighting intensified, Duxford's squadrons were called on to support 11 Group's defence of London and the south-east.
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is of No. 85 Squadron RAF

Despite incessant attacks, the RAF's defences held. The Luftwaffe could not continue, and in the autumn switched to 'nuisance' raids and night operations. The failure to defeat the RAF convinced Hitler to postpone his invasion plans indefinitely.

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cigarette case, engraved

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<a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30087263?cat=souvenirs%2520and%2520ephemera" target="_blank"><img alt="cigarette case, engraved" class="" src="http://media.iwm.org.uk/iwm/mediaLib/197/media-197364/standard.jpg?action=e&cat=souvenirs%2520and%2520ephemera" /></a> <span>cigarette case, engraved<a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/corporate/privacy-copyright" target="_blank">© IWM (EPH 7407)</a></span>

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<a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30087263?cat=souvenirs%2520and%2520ephemera" target="_blank"><img alt="cigarette case, engraved" class="" src="http://media.iwm.org.uk/iwm/mediaLib/197/media-197365/standard.jpg?action=e&cat=souvenirs%2520and%2520ephemera" /></a> <span>cigarette case, engraved<a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/corporate/privacy-copyright" target="_blank">© IWM (EPH 7407)</a></span>

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© IWM (EPH 7407)

Catalogue number

EPH 7407

Production date

1940

Materials

metal

Alternative Names

FULL NAME: cigarette case, engraved
SIMPLE NAME: POW

Category

souvenirs and ephemera

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History note

The cigarette case was engraved by an Italian prisoner held at Hawick in Scotland. The donor's father, Sergeant John Barton was in charge of the POW's in Hawick in 1941 and was presented with the cigarette case and a carved wooden soldier by the Italian prisoner.

Physical description

Slim rectangular cigarette case made from shiny silver-coloured metal, both sides are engraved with stylised women (1940's) reclining wearing lingerie and stilettos, one side bears an engraved inscription 'A.G.C. To J.B.', the inside of the case is engraved with floral and foliage engravings and a bird in flight carrying a letter addressed to 'Anna' in beak, around these images are inscriptions in Italian roughly translated ' With every cigarette I think of you my beloved Anna'.

Engraved

(1) A.G.C. To J.B.

Inscription

(2) In ogni sigaretta pense a te mia cara Anna. Egitto -India -Sudan -South Africa -Inghiltterra. P.D. Guerra 11-12-1940 XIX Sidi el Barrani

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